Pacific Proa compared to Catamaran
Morphing a 42' catamaran into a 70' proa

Quite simply, the reason for building a modern Pacific proa is the same as it was centuries ago in Micronesia, where the hull form first evolved: to get the longest possible "main hull" with any given weight - which translates to COST of materials and labor.
 

Take the rig from any modern cruising catamaran and use it to push a longer main hull with the same overall weight, and the result is greater comfort and speed. The Pacific proa configuration uses sails that would be too small on a catamaran of the same length, yet work well on the reduced weight proa.

Advantages the Pacific proa gets over the catamaran by using the same weight of materials (cost!) to create a significantly longer main hull with higher speed potential:

  • a longer hull is more easily driven for fast ocean passages and more appropriate to the scale of large seas offshore.
  • transferring up to 100% displacement to the single large leeward hull as the windward hull lifts results in smooth, comfortable speed with minimal wetted surface.
  • when pressed for maximum speed, the longer leeward hull with similar rig and no additional lateral stability (the ability to resist tipping over sideways) results in greater longitudinal stability than a catamaran; instead of pitchpoling, the Pacific proa will roll gently onto the leeward pod.
  • a small, lifting hull to weather for stability is mechanically easier and lighter than connecting two hulls of equal size and weight (catamaran) or using "floats" of 100%+ buoyancy on either side (trimaran). While modern materials and methods make structure less of an issue, the crossbeams on a Pacific proa are less stressed than a catamaran of similar displacement.

For the very same reasons, however, it is also true that the Pacific proa carries much less weight for it's length than a catamaran.

Catamaran Advantages:
  • Where the catamaran has broad flat transoms aft that carry weight well and reduce pitching, the proa is pointed at both ends.
  • The proa's main hull might be narrower than the catamaran, using a length to beam ratio of 17:1 for speed.
  • Since there is only one large hull, adding length to a proa returns less accommodation volume and weight carrying capacity than the same length added to a catamaran.

For these reasons, a 21 meter (69') proa has barely the same capacity as a 43' catamaran (without the extra privacy afforded by two hulls) and significantly less accommodation volume and only half the displacement of an 18 meter (59') catamaran. For the same price and using the same size rig as a 60'+ catamaran, a 90' proa with superior performance potential could be built.

Accommodation plans for large proas remain a challenge while cruising catamaran plans have been widely explored for decades.

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43' catamaran, 69' proa, 59' catamaran




42' catamaran





70' proa (to scale) with similar displacement,
accommodation, sail area and cost


What keeps it from tipping over?

It takes some skill and effort to fly the ama, it doesn't usually happen by accident. Careful steering and sail trim are then essential, of course. Even so, distractions or wind gusts can and will happen. Suffering a knockdown when sailing at speed isn't such a big deal as the boat settles easily into a position of increasing stability between 45 and 60 degrees of heel. Simply easing the mainsheet drops the ama back in the water.


45 degrees of heel

The "leeward pod" is designed to prevent the yacht from heeling over too far, providing additional buoyancy beyond thirty-five degrees of heel. If the yacht is knocked over to a sixty degree angle of heel, it becomes as difficult to tip further as it originally was when the ama was in the water, so soon falls back "on its feet"!

Stability Curve
Stability Curve

The height of the pod is a critical factor in maximizing stability because at high degrees of heel, the pod becomes the leeward hull while the boat's center of gravity (7.5 tons) hangs out to windward (~7 feet?), below the mast - ~104K ft-lbs of reserve righting moment.

A graceful pod shape that settles into the water easily, surfs well and carries full displacement at maximum heeling angles(!) are some of the details.

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